John f



1.- F. SANFORD.

Lamp Burner. No. 86,869. i Panted Feb. 9;'1869.

Wfl/M5516; I

N-PETES. FHOTO-LITMOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON, D, C.

JOHN F. SANFORD, or KEOKUK, IOWA.l

Letters .Patent No. 86,869,.datccl Feb/rua/ry- 9, 1869i -Hok,

The Schedule referred toin these Letters Patent and making part of thesame.

To all whom it may concern:

. Beit known that I, J OHN F. SANFORD, of Keokuk, in the county of Lee,and State of' Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements onLamp-Burners; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description thereof, reference being vhad to theaccompanyingdrawings, making a part of Figures 6, 7, and 8, aresectional views, intended to show, more particularly, the constructionofthe burner.

Figure 9 is a perforated or wire-gauzey diaphragm, adapted for use atthe base of the' chimney, as a protector and current-interoepter.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the severalfigures.

This invention relates, particularly, to certain novel improvements onlamp-burners, which are designed for use With oils the vapors of whichare highly inflammable and explosive.

One object of my invention is to secure safety in the burning of suchoils, by so constructing a burner that the conduction or radiation ofheat from the dame shall not materially aect the temperature of the oilin the reservoir ofthe lamp.

-Another object is to prevent the communication of iiame to any portionofthe lamp below the cone which surrounds the upper end of' thewick-tube, by the application, to the base of the said cone, of aperforated diaphragm, through which flame cannot pass.

Also, to so construct such diaphragm, that access can be had, throughit, to the upper end of the wick; tube, for lighting the lamp, o'r forreceiving a light therefrom, without removing the chimney of the lamp,

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, I willdescribe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings- A' represents the cone7 of the burner,which is surrounded at its base by a flange, or rim, A, and which has anopening through it for the passage of' the flame.

.At regular distances apart, and affixed to the annnlar flange, or rim,A, are stirrups, a', which extend beneath this flange so'as to receiveand afford a support for the chimney N, and allow the lower portion ofthis chimney to extend below the flange A, and form a skirtin g forconcentrating the draught of' air on its way into the cone.

There are, also, spring-lingers a a c applied to the flange A, whichextend above it, and press outwardly against the chimney N, therebycentiing and keeping it steady in its place' in the stil-rups c', asshown in fig. l. 'y

For thc purpose' of attaching the c'one and its flange to the wick-tubeB, the arms b b are used, having clasps b l1', formed upon their lowerconvergent ends, which elaspsreceive and embrace the wick-tube, and alsoallow the cone and flange to be raised, or depressed, or removed, atpleasure.

To the base of the cone, a perforated diaphragm, P, is applied, whichmay be made of fine wire gauze, of perforated metal, of perforatedglass, or of any other' suitable material.

This diaihrao'ni will revent flame from assin through it, and willconsequently obviate liability of' accident 'om the flame or' the lampcommunicating with any iniammable substance, or gas, on or about thelamp below the said diaphragm. It will also al-v low light to passthrough it, particularly if it be made ofglass, thus preventing such alarge shadow around the base of the lamp, as is found so objectionablein the use of lamps having the rays ofl light intercepted byimperforated plates, and burners, which, although perforated, do notallow light to pass downwardly through them.

One portion, or half of the circular diaphragm P, is firmly fixed to thecone and its iiange; the other half is hinged at n n, and provided witha pendent wire, p, ly which it can bedrawn down, as indicated in red,

The hinges are provided with springs, as shown, which will return theportion P to its place, when the wire p is released.

This hinged portion of the diaphragm will allow access to the upper endof" thewicktube B, for lighting the lamp, or receiving a lighttherefrom,', without removing the chimney.

To render this operation-very convenient, I form, in any suitablemanner, an opening, N', through the base or skirting of' the chimney N,which opening may be closed, except in the act of' insertinga taperthrough it, by a valve, c, or other equivalent device, hinged to theedge of the annular flange A, as shown in figs. 1 and 4.

The perforated diaphragm l? is also designed to and will prevent a toorapid ascent of cool air to the iame.

It modies and softens the draught, and supplies heat to the air in itspassage to the flame, so that cold currents or irregular currents shallnot impinge-upon the naine, and cause it to dicker, or burn unsteady.

The wick-tube B rises from a disk, D, which should i be made of wood, orsome other good non-conductor of heat.

The lower end of tube Bis' secured, hy a flange, J, or other' means, tothe upper Yside of disk D, and the male screw L and lower termination Bof the wick-tube are secured in a 'suitable manner to the bottom side ofthe said disk. Thus-it will be seen that the metallic continuity isbroken by the disk D, and that injurious heat will not be conducted tothat portion of the wiektube which enters the oil-reservoir of the lamp,or which is in contact therewith. j

The disk D may be made large enough to prevent the temperature oftheoil-reservoir from being raised by heat which is radiated om the Haine,and by those metallic parts of the burner which are above this disk.

Figs. 6 and 8 show clearly this feature of my invention.

Directly above the disk D, a rectangular opening is made through oneside of the wick-tube B. This opening is nearly as Wide as the width ofsaid tube, and receives through it the serrated edges oftheiviek-adjuster G, shown in iigs. l and 8.

The wick-adjuster() is a hub, having a number of wings radiating fromits axis, and arranged, at proper distances apart, around the same.These wings have teeth or spurs formed on their outer edges, forpenetrating the wick, and taking firm hold thereof.

Through the centre of the adjuster, a rod or spindle, g, passes,carrying a handle, h, on one end, which may be made of wood, or otherpoor conductor of heat, to prevent burning the ngers while adjusting thewick.

One advantage of the rotary adjuster C, over the spurred wheels hithertoused for adjusting wicks, is, that this adjuster presents rows of spursnearly across the entire Width ofthe wick, and thereby acts uniformlyupon it, While, with ,the narrow wheels, sometimes one side of a wickwill be forced up, (or down,) Ywhile the other side is not acted upon atall, causing the'wick to clog tightly in the tube, and be unequallyadjusted.

The spindle g has its bearings in two ears, G G, which are formed on aspring tension-plate, j.

The slot i, in one of said ear-bearings G, allows the Wick-adjuster tobe readily removed from the burner, when the capE is notin its place.

The back portion j is bent, as shown in iig. 8, so that its upper endpresses against the tube B, and holds the adjuster G in contact with thewick, u'der more or less springepressure, as may be required.

The bearing and its spring-back may be secured to the Wick-tube, asshown in iig. 8, or may be applied loosely thereto.

To prevent the communication of dame to that poreases? tion of the wickwhich is exposedhby making an opening in tube B for the adjuster C, acap, E, made chiefly of wire gauze or other suitable perforated oriniperforated material, may be used,as shown in the drawings. It is heldin place by the ear-bearings G, and may be removed at pleasure.

'By making a hole through the spindle g, and insert ing a pin, Z, whichis attached by chain s to the disk D, through the'said hole, as shown iniig. 4, the wiekadjuster cannot be turned so as to raise the wick toohigh.

This dvice will serve as a precaution to careless servants, and preventthem from adjusting the wick so as to break or smoke a chimney.

It will. be seen from the above description. that my improved burner hasno cavities or chambers in or about whereinfiammable vapors orgasesmight accumulate, w-hich fact is regarded as a point of superiorityover all other lamp-burners for burning explosive oils.

In g. 9, I have represented a disk having a short tube secured.centrally to it, and also having a great number ofperibrations.throughit. This disk may be made of wire gauze, or ol any other suitablematerial, and, when in use, it is slipped Aupon the wick-tube B, andadjusted so as to corne just within the bottom of the chimney. When thusarranged, the disk will pre` vent currents of old air from rushingtooviolently into the cone A.

This disk, shown in iig. 9, is especially designedfor use in sick-rooms,when a dim but steady light is required.

Having described my invention,

What I claim as new, .and desire to secure by Lety

